The Use of Animals For Medical Research essays

The Use of Animals For Medical Research essays VICTORIES IN THE WAR AGAINST DISEASE Once upon a time, not so many years ago, each summer brought fear of a deadly, paralyzing disease, which struck mostly children and young adults. This killer cut short the lives of hundreds of young people every year, and made long-life cripples out of many survivors. For many adults living now, this terrible disease, polio, is a distant memory. For most young people, it is subject they may have read about in a school book. Because it is all but gone, polio and its terrible effects, and the fear it brought to millions, virtually no longer exist in America. Why? Polio has disappeared because of vaccines developed by medical researchers in the late 1950s. Vaccines PREVENT certain illnesses by building immunity in the body. Other once common diseaes that have been totally or partially conquered because of vaccines include: smallpox, rubella, whooping cough, typhoid fever, diphtheria, and tetanus. Rabies vaccine protects animals from this dreadful disease that can kill humans, too. Anthrax and brucellosis vaccines protect farm animals from those diseases. All of these vaccines have one thing in common. We could not have these wonderful vaccines if it werent for animal research. Thousands and thousands, perhaps millions of children and adults would have died or suffered long-life disabilities if it had not been for careful, painstaking research done by scientists using animal tissues and animal models for human and animal diseases. Even more recently-in the last thirty years or so many people, because of mental illness known as schizophrenia, wee condemned to living life in mental hospitals or sanitariums. These victims could not function in normal society. Now, the majority of these people live at home, and many live and work very much like everyone else. Medical researchers, using animal research, have developed drugs of TREATMENT for schizophrenia, and other major m...

The Nature Conservancy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Nature Conservancy - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that the conservancy used the buck and Acre approach where the buck represented fundraising efforts while Acre was the number of acres under protection. Over time they realized consistent discrepancies between their mission and the outcome measures. The number of acreage under the conservancy did not necessarily translate to the preservation of biological diversity which was its core mission. The organization adopted a scientific method of analyzing the outcome. The approach involved four principles namely, setting up of priorities, designing strategies, implementation, and measuring of success. The extensive analysis of the success as defined by the mission statement of the organization was able to clearly bring out the impact better than buck and acre approach. The strength of this approach lies in its ability to give a systematic formula of arriving at the desired outcome. The setting of goals gives specific outcomes against which the organization will be as sessed. The strategies adopted to achieve the outcome can be designed to suit the resources available without wastage and promoting efficiency. The measure of the targeted success is focused on the initial targeted goals and therefore easy to measure the impact of the organization as per its set goals. The approach enables an organization to maintain focus to its goals which are normally difficult to achieve in the nonprofit organization. Various stakeholders in such organizations have the different interest which derails from their core mission. Unlike in profit-making organizations where different stakeholders are unified by the need to make the profit, a nonprofit organization has multiple visions. The mandate of the nonprofit organization is always broad and cannot be narrowed to few goals.

Compare one type of contraception known as Depo-Provera and the Essay

Compare one type of contraception known as Depo-Provera and the biological mechanisms that it uses to different types of contraception and the mechanisms that t - Essay Example Each ml of Depo-Provera contains 150 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate. The chemical name of medroxyprogesterone acetate is pregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione, 17- (acetyyloxy)-6- methyl-, (6 alpha)-. The serum half-life of the drug is 50 days. Following a single dose of 150 mg given intramuscularly, the peak plasma levels of 1-7 ng/ml are attained at 3 weeks. After this peak, the levels gradually decrease between 120-200 days following injection. The effect of liver or renal diseases on the pharmacokinetics of the drug is unknown. It decreases plasma levels of cortisol, estrogen, pregnendiol, progesterone and testesterone. It also decreases levels of gonadotrophins and sex-hormone binding globulin (Drug Label, Depo-Provera). The only indication for the use of this drug is contraception. It is an effective contraceptive with less than 1 pregnancy per 100 users per year (Population Reports, BNET Research). It can also be used in the treatment of endometriosis, abnormal menstrual bleeding or amenorrhea (Chrousos, p.663). Like other progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate enters the cell and binds to progesterone receptors that are distributed between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The ligand-receptor complex then binds to a progesterone response element to activate gene transcription (Chrousos, p.663). It prevents follicular maturation and ovulation and causes endometrial thinning. These actions produce the contraceptive effect (Drug Label, Depo-Provera). DMPA is contraindicated in pregnant women. This is because there is some evidence suggesting the development of genital abnormalities in fetuses exposed to this drug in the first trimester. Also, studies have shown that the babies may have low birth weight which can increase the risk of neonatal complications. Though the metabolites of DMPA are secreted in breast milk, no apparent hazard to the feeding baby is known. Other contraindications include vaginal bleeding of unknown

Flash Animation Software Package Computer Science Essay

Flash Animation Software Package Computer Science Essay In this part of my assignment I would like to evaluate one software package. I would like to present basic information about Adobe Flash CS3 Professional. Also, I want to show you advantages and disadvantages of this program and describe where software could be improved. Adobe Flash  (Macromedia Flash) is a software  used to add  animations, video and  interactivity  to web pages. Flash is often used for games and advertisements. Flash was designed in 1996 and is now used by  Adobe Systems. It has been located as a tool for Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) Flash controls raster graphics and vector to give animation of text, images and drawings. Flash files are in the SWF format which is called (Shock Wave Flash) movies or flash games. Adobe Flash has included an option to add audio and video which makes your animation much more professional. Flash animation can be displayed on different computer systems and devices all the user need is Adobe Flash Player software which i s available to download for free. I have created a few animations using this program to meet assignment criteria. I never used this program before but I found it easy how to create simple animations. When I started to design my first animation I did not know how to use all tools that software provides. After 30 minutes I was able to create my first simple animation. It was not that professional like normal animation but it was something similar. I have spent a lot of time to create my first animation because I did not how to use these tools. I needed some help from instructions and sometimes I asked a teacher for help. I was testing my animations a few times with different combination of frames. This software provides very professional tools to create interesting animation. The program is made for everyone because is easy to use when you know how to use each of specific tools. I found out this software package is one of the best to design professional animations. I compared similar programs to create animations such as: pencil or 1-2-3 cartoon animation and I preferred to use Adobe one because it was so much easier to use for me. I enjoyed designing my animation in that software and I did not have any series problems to create simple animations. Flash has many good points some of there are: Using the software, web designers are able to use their ideas while building the website. There is no problem of browser compatibility. Data is uploading without any problems to any browser. Flash movies have a high loading speed. Flash is also very good drawing software and can create some interesting artwork. Very large software, easy to learn the basics for example; how to use specific tools or how to draw Everyone can create their animation very quick without spending time for long time learning the basics. Flash can be used to make; DVD productions, 3D animations, full movies, e-commerce and database on website, web advertising, drawing, software that can be used on websites. Flash can be used as educational software for children because tools are very easy to learn and use. 64-bit support for operating systems and 64-bit web browsers on Linux, Mac OS and Windows Audio and Video can be added while creating animation. It makes your animation more professional when audio is added. Also you can download a video to your animation to make your animation more interesting. Motion Tween technique is used in Adobes Flash animation software. Using this technique you are able to tweening a symbols from one position to a different position. Shape Tween technique is used in Adobes Flash animation software. This technique allows us to modify the shape of objects. By tweening objects, you can do something similar to morphing. Flash has a few bad points some of there are: The tools for writing and debugging the code are very plain. The code editor gives very limited functionality Takes long time to load files for example: images which are located on hard drive. It is also expected that some search engines may be unable to read the Flash texts It is slow in downloading images for example and the software works very slowly. Also the way that Flash works with text is one of major weakness. The support for HTML/CSS should be better, and especially there should be a way to deal with links, more advanced CSS features and complex formatting. WHERE SOFTWARE COULD BE IMPROVED? In my opinion the software could be improved because I found a few bad points of the software. Basically, the software takes long time to load and it can be annoying for users. That should be improved because it is a major weakness of Adobe software. Also the tools for writing and debugging the code could be better designed because are very plain and not very much professional. I found out opinions from people about Adobe Flash and they said that software sometimes may be unable to read the files. It is very annoying when the software is unable to read our files which are very important for us. In my opinion that should be improved very quick especially when many people describing this problem on forums. Also the code editor gives very limited functionality for uses and that could be improved. They should improve the code editor because it is very important thing for people who make professional animations. Also the poor integration could be improved between the Flash IDE and Flex Builder. Making professional animation is not very easy for beginners and sometimes any other software is needed. When the Adobe Flash has poor integration it is harder to make professional animation. Also the support for HTML and CSS should be better because is not fully supported. In my opinion these things should be improved straight away but the rest is absolutely fine and I cannot see any other problems. Conclusion In this part of my assignment I would like to make a conclusion about Adobe Flash Professional CS3. When I started desiging my first animation I did not know how to use the program at all. It was something impossible for me to make an animation and I was very disappointed because I did not even know how to start creating animation. I needed some help from instructions and also I asked my teacher when I did not know what to do. Anyway, after 30 minutes I was able to create my first simple animation. It was not really hard but I spent several minutes for practice and instructions. I did not even know that software is very simple and creating animation is fantastic with the Adobe Flash software. Everything is located very tidy and simple and is not that difficult to make animation. Also the instructions are available online on Adobes website so everyone can use them when help is needed. Actually, when you know the basic tools you should not have a problem with designing because the soft ware is simple. In my opinion the program is designed for beginners and professional animators because the software provides tools for professional animations and is very simply to use. The program is well known at schools, colleges or universities because it can be used as educational software. In my opinion the software is too slow but overall is designed very well and I enjoyed designing my animations and I did not have any series problems. I will recommend this program because in my opinion is the best for making animations.

The Government Should Make Use Of Revenue Sharing :: essays research papers

The Government Should Make Use of Revenue Sharing Federal grants have become more common over the last 60 years, due to the expansion and retraction of the size of the federal government. The federal government began expanding in the 1930s to deal with the Depression. It used federal agencies to directly deal with problems. As time went on, the tasks were turned over to the states, but the federal government still remained involved through the use of federal grants to states and localities. In the 1970s, Nixon's New Federalism put a heavy emphasis on federal grants. Revenue sharing gave federal dollars to localities and states that had never received very much or any federal money before. This increased local interest in receiving federal money in many localities. In order to deal with the federal bureaucracy and receive federal money, localities and states have to develop efficient and effective bureaucracies of their own. These state and local bureaucracies must understand the federal rules and requirements for receiving federal aid. Some states routinely receive a greater amount of federal money than other states with similar populations due to the differences in state bureaucracies. The state which has an effective grant-writing bureaucracy and maintains relations with federal bureaucrats and leaders is often able to get more money. Federal bureaucracies are often very regionalized. They are staffed by people from a certain region, and they primarily deal with people from that region. They give more federal assistance to these regions too. The overall trend in federal spending in a state may be different from a particular agency's pattern of spending. Some states may get very little overall federal funding, but may get much more than the average amount of money from a certain federal agency's grants. American state-level politics can be divided up into 3 categories: traditional, moralistic, and individualistic. Traditional areas are heavily elitist, and social elites are the primary leaders of society. They have less reliance on government programs, government spending, and government in general. They are not as democratic as in other areas of the country. Moralistic cultures put a heavy focus on government taking an active role in society. There is more emphasis on democratic methods in government, government funding, government programs, and the provision of services. The individualist culture sees government as only being important when it can help the individual succeed. It should never hamper the individual from attaining personnel success. The South is considered more traditionalist. The midatlantic states and other areas which have descendants of the original settlers of the midatlantic states are considered individualistic. The northern states are moralistic. All of these

A day of sorrow is longer than a month of joy Essay

This Chinese proverb renders (redÄÆ') in a synthetic way the fact that we perceive the time in a subjective way, according to the moods created by the reaction to the events that we go through. When we pass through unpleasant event of life, we feel weak, vulnerable, even hopeless and everything seems to go wrong in our life; so, time seems longer than it actually is. On the other hand, when we live happy moments , everything seems to go perfectly , we get enough power to improve our life, our family ties , our relationships with other people and we are more satisfied with ourselves. But, why do we feel that a day of sorrow is longer than a month of joy ? It is said that unhappiness is a completely rational response to certain losses so when we lose our self- confidence, or our health, our family ties, our friends or even when we do things which are unpleasant for us, we end up by feeling bad and time seems to freeze. But, when we feel fulfilled or when we do things that we like, we feel good and time seems to fly. The problem is that most of us tend to stay with what we know rather than choose any form of change. As a result, we continue to be unhappy. If we decide to change things, however, then we begin a journey that only we can map out. We should allow ourselves to face up the fact that it is possible to actually get rid of doubts and learn to be more contended with our life. This will bring a change of many aspects in our life including our outlook, our relationships and our choices.

Hey Freshmen What to Bring and Not to Bring to College